The dreaded pothole has plagued drivers for seemingly as long as paved roads have existed. And if you are driving around the Northeast, you are guaranteed to encounter more than your fair share. Pothole season usually starts around March, but winters with heavy rainfall and extreme temperature dips can bring them on even sooner. Unfortunately, some potholes — and pothole damage — are unavoidable, but there are ways to protect your car.
Potholes are created when groundwater seeps into the ground underneath the pavement. If the water freezes, it will expand, causing the pavement to expand, bend and crack. When the ice melts, gaps or voids are left in the surface under the pavement. As this process is repeated, the pavement continues to weaken.
When cars begin to drive over this weakened surface, the weight continues to break down the pavement to the point where pieces of the roadway will come loose and be displaced. Once this happens, you have a pothole. “In addition,” said AAA’s Car Doctor John Paul, “the pothole can fill with water again, refreeze and break off more asphalt and the pothole becomes a car-eating crater.”
Because potholes are dependent on water freezing, they often form during the winter, but it usually isn’t until all the ice and snow recede from the roadways that they become noticeable and start to wreak havoc.
An Expensive Nuisance
Driving into a pothole is not only jolting, but it can also be costly. A 2023 AAA survey found that the number of drivers who sustained vehicle damage from a pothole requiring a repair soared 57% from the previous year. In 2022, an estimated 44 million U.S. drivers were hit with pothole repair bills, up from 28 million in 2021. The average price tag was $406 per repair.
“When a vehicle hits a pothole with any kind of force, the tires, wheels and suspension get the brunt of the impact and fixing any of those items is pricey,” said Mary Maguire, vice president of public and government affairs for AAA Northeast.
Tire Damage and More
The repercussions of driving over a pothole can be as minor as knocking a car out of alignment. This can usually be corrected with a trip to a repair shop.
In other cases, the damage can be much worse. Wheels and tires can become damaged to the extent that they are unusable. A pothole can puncture your tire and leave you with a flat and in need of roadside assistance. And it may not be just one tire — it could be both tires on the side of the vehicle where you encountered the pothole. It can also cause your rims to dent or bend.
Low-profile tires and lighter wheels on sporty vehicles are especially prone to being damaged, according to AAA.
Some damage is not as easily noticeable. Steering and suspension parts also can be damaged, causing severe handling issues and rapid tire wear. If you hit a pothole and feel like something is a little off, you may still want to get your car checked by a professional mechanic.
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“In what I would call the worst case,” Paul said, “part of the drivetrain (engine and transmission) can suffer enough damage that the component loses oil and fails completely, requiring a complete rebuild or replacement.” The damage may be covered by your car insurance. In addition, you could try submitting a claim with the municipality that is responsible for the roadway.
Schedule an appointment with a AAA Insurance agent to discuss your coverage options.
More Ways to Prevent Pothole Damage
While potholes are a reality for many drivers, sustaining vehicle damage does not have to be. AAA recommends the following:
“The absolutely most important way to battle against potholes is to properly inflate tires,” Maguire said.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reports that only 19% of consumers properly inflate their tires. Regularly check that your tire pressure is at the manufacturer’s recommended level, which can be found on a yellow sticker on the driver-side door jamb or in the owner’s manual.
You also want to make sure your tires aren’t overly or unevenly worn. To easily check the wear on your tread depth, insert a quarter into the tread groove with Washington’s head upside down; if you can see the top of Washington’s head, it’s time to start shopping for new tires.
Changes in vehicle handling, excessive vibration or uneven wearing of tires are all indications of a problem with the suspension, like alignment or shocks. If your vehicle pulls to the left or right, have the wheel alignment checked by a trusted mechanic.
Keep Your Eyes on the Road
To fight back against potholes, drivers must keep ample distance between their car and the car in front of them and diligently scan the road, especially at night and during rainstorms, to identify potholes and react to them.
Standing water or puddles may disguise a deep pothole. Avoid driving through standing water, when possible, but if you can’t, drive through slowly and as though there may be potholes hiding beneath the water.
There may be times when you cannot avoid hitting a pothole. In that case, safely reduce your speed as much as possible and avoid braking abruptly, particularly as you go over the pothole as this compresses your suspension and adds extra force to the tire. Striking a pothole at higher speeds increases the chance of severe damage including knocking the wheels out of alignment, affecting the steering, and bending or even breaking suspension components.
If you hit a pothole, pay attention to any new or unusual noises or vibrations. If you detect something is off with your vehicle, take it to a trusted repair facility for a full vehicle inspection as soon as possible.
This article has been updated and republished from a previous version.